Practice Tests
IELTS Reading (AC) Task 1 #169

A. Sustainable urbanism is an approach to city planning and design that aims to create cities that are environmentally friendly, socially equitable, and economically viable. It seeks to minimise the negative impacts of urban development on the environment while simultaneously improving the quality of life for its residents. This holistic approach integrates principles of green building, sustainable transport, and efficient land use to build resilient and liveable urban communities for the long term.

B. A key component of sustainable urbanism is the promotion of compact, mixed-use development. This means designing neighbourhoods where homes, shops, offices, and public services are located close together, reducing the need for long-distance travel. This is often combined with a focus on creating "walkable" and "bikeable" cities, with safe and accessible infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists. The goal is to reduce dependency on private cars, which in turn cuts down on traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

C. Another central tenet is the integration of nature into the urban fabric. This includes creating and preserving green spaces like parks and urban forests, implementing green roofs and vertical gardens, and using sustainable urban drainage systems to manage stormwater. These "green infrastructure" elements not only enhance biodiversity and provide recreational opportunities but also help to mitigate the urban heat island effect and improve air and water quality.

D. Sustainable urbanism also emphasises resource efficiency. This involves constructing energy-efficient buildings that use renewable energy sources, implementing comprehensive waste reduction and recycling programs, and conserving water. Social sustainability is equally important, focusing on providing affordable housing, ensuring equitable access to public services and amenities, and fostering a strong sense of community. By taking this integrated approach, sustainable urbanism offers a pathway to creating cities that can thrive in the face of 21st-century challenges like climate change and rapid urbanisation.