Practice Tests
IELTS Reading (AC) Task 1 #189

A. Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artefacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. It includes tangible heritage, such as historic buildings, monuments, artefacts, and archaeological sites, as well as intangible heritage, which encompasses living expressions and traditions like oral histories, performing arts, social practices, and craftsmanship. This heritage is a fundamental part of a community''s identity and memory.

B. The preservation of cultural heritage is crucial for several reasons. It provides a tangible link to our past, helping us to understand where we come from and to appreciate the history and achievements of different cultures. Historic sites and museums are vital educational resources and can also be significant drivers of tourism, bringing economic benefits to local communities. The protection of intangible heritage is equally important for maintaining cultural diversity in the face of globalisation.

C. However, cultural heritage is under constant threat from a variety of sources. Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods, the effects of climate change such as rising sea levels, and environmental pollution can cause irreversible damage to historic sites. Human actions, including urban development, neglect, and deliberate destruction during armed conflicts, pose an even greater threat. The illicit trafficking of cultural artefacts is another major problem that strips countries of their historical legacy.

D. In response to these threats, national and international organisations, such as UNESCO, work to protect and preserve cultural heritage worldwide. Modern technology is also playing an increasingly important role. Techniques like 3D laser scanning and digital modelling are being used to create precise digital records of heritage sites, which can be used for research, restoration, and virtual preservation. These efforts are essential to ensure that the rich tapestry of human history and culture is not lost to future generations.