Practice Tests
IELTS Reading (AC) Task 1 #79

A. As urbanisation intensifies globally, the incorporation of natural environments into city planning has become a critical public health concern. Extensive research in environmental psychology now demonstrates that access to parks, gardens, and other green infrastructure confers significant psychological benefits to city dwellers. These benefits extend beyond mere recreation, impacting mental well-being, cognitive function, and social cohesion in profound ways. The understanding that nature is not merely an aesthetic luxury but a fundamental component of a healthy urban habitat is driving policy changes in metropolitan areas worldwide. | One of the most documented effects of exposure to green spaces is stress reduction. Studies consistently show that even brief periods in a park can lower cortisol levels, reduce heart rate, and alleviate feelings of anxiety. This phenomenon is often explained by Attention Restoration Theory, which posits that natural environments provide a respite for the directed attention required by urban settings, allowing mental fatigue to recover. Furthermore, activities such as walking or running in green areas are associated with greater reductions in stress and improved mood compared to similar activities in synthetic environments like gyms or built-up streets. | Beyond temporary mood enhancement, regular access to nature has been linked to long-term mental health outcomes. A notable longitudinal study published in ''Environmental Science & Technology'' tracked participants over five years and found that those who moved to areas with more green space reported sustained improvements in mental well-being. Conversely, a decline in accessible green space was correlated with increased reports of anxiety and depression. This suggests a potential causal relationship, positioning urban greenery as a preventative public health measure that could reduce the incidence of common mental disorders. | The advantages also permeate the social fabric of communities. Well-maintained parks function as communal living rooms, fostering social interaction among residents from diverse backgrounds. This can strengthen community bonds and reduce feelings of isolation. Economically, the presence of green space elevates property values and can enhance productivity; employees with views of nature from their offices report higher job satisfaction and lower levels of stress. | Despite the evidence, the distribution of green spaces is often inequitable, typically favouring wealthier neighbourhoods. This disparity raises important questions about environmental justice and urban planning priorities. Future challenges involve not only creating new parks but also ensuring equitable access for all socioeconomic groups. Integrating nature into the daily lives of urban populations is no longer seen as a niche interest but as a vital strategy for building more resilient, healthy, and sustainable cities.